5, Nutritional and Microbial control of organismal homeostasis
Dietary restriction can extend healthspan and lifespan in various organisms. Nutrition has a great impact on tissue homeostasis with mechanisms to be elucidated. Intestine, a tissue governing a whole body homeostasis and ageing, has direct contact with nutritional input. We demonstrated that dietary methionine, an essential amino acid, regulates intestinal homeostasis. Its primary metabolite SAM controls the activity of intestinal stem cells through methylation of translation factors.
Our research aims to understand how single nutrition/metabolite can affect homeostasis and organismal ageing. Interestingly, early-life environment programs adult health and disease. This DOHaD (Developmental Origins of Health and Disease) hypothesis could be one of the missing links in our understanding of physiology. Drosophila study demonstrated that dietary nutrition or oxidants in the diet can affect adult metabolism and increase lifespan. Surprisingly, oxidants' effect on adult physiology and lifespan is through irreversible remodelling of gut microbiota. We are addressing these nutritional or microbial control of lifespan determination through novel DOHaD mechanisms.
References
Obata, F., Tsuda-Sakurai, K., Yamazaki, T., Nishio, R., Nishimura, K., Kimura, M., Funakoshi, M., and Miura, M. Nutritional control of stem cell division through S-adenosylmethionine in Drosophila intestine. Dev. Cell 44, 741-751, 2018. doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2018.02.017
Obata, F., Fons, C.O., Gould, A.P.:Early-life exposure to low-dose oxidants can increase longevity via microbiome remodelling in Drosophila. Nat. Commun. 2018 Mar 7;9(1):975. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03070-w.
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